UTP cabling techniques and cross straiht computer network

Wiring is the little things that often in lalaikan by a network administrator or someone just learning the computer network. Slightly this paper we collated from various sources to make it easier for us all in learning about the science computer networks especially in the case of wiring.

Note:
1. Cables LAN (Local Area Network), commonly called UTP (unshielded Twisted Pair) and identified using the category level (category - CAT). When we need to create / install a new network, we should use UTP cable category 5, 5e, or 6 (unless there are special reasons and strong so we do not use the cables that category), which was made for the operation 10 and 100 Mbps LAN .
2. UTP cables there are two kinds, namely SOLID (SOLID), and stringy (Stranded). Both types of UTP according to the type of cable conductors located in the middle, called SOLID having a single conductor, while others called stringy having conductors that consist of several thin wires. Only one of the most obvious advantages of using UTP cable filamentous type (which is generally more expensive) is this type of very flexible, so it can bend to a maximum without breaking the conductor.
3. 100Base-TX cabling system we can use the 10Base-T network, but the reverse is not always able. So you should use the standard wiring 100base-TX/T4 ALWAYS.
4th. 100Base-TX standards can always be used when doing the wiring using UTP category 5, 5e, or 6, which used only two pairs of wires, or four conductors. Most of the information in this paper uses the assumption that the wiring using UTP category 5, 5e or 6.
5. When you use UTP cable category 3 or 4 with a 100Mbps LAN, must use the 100Base-T4 standard and has some limitations, and uses all four pairs of wires, or 8 conductor.
6. The maximum length of single pieces of LAN cable is 100 meters, when the length required is more than 100 meters, it can be used to connect switches to the next cable.
Use of Cable "Straight" and "Crossed"
The following diagram shows the general use cables "straight" and "crossed".


Note:
To avoid the use of crossed wires, some manufacturers provide a hub or switch uplink port. This port allows the use of straight cables for connecting two pieces switches or hubs.
Table of color codes UTP category 5 and 5e
Figure and table below shows the normal color code on the cable category 5, based on two standards issued by the TIA / EIA


10BaseT Straight Cable (PC to HUB / switch)
Straight cables are used to connect a PC or peralatanlain to the hub or switch. If your connection is PC to PC or HUB to HUB you MUST use a Crossed cable.
The following cable description is for the wiring on both ends (RJ-45), either by using the color scheme for the wires 568A and 586B category 5 (e).

Note:
Pin numbers are marked with an asterisk (*) is not used in 10Base-T network (10Mbps), and because in general the current used is 100base-T/T4 network (100Mbps), then it is better to use wiring standards 100base-T/T4.
We use the 100Base-T4 cabling specification that can be used in 10Base-T network.
10Base-T Crossed cable (PC to PC or HUB to HUB)
Crossed cable used to connect a PC to PC or HUB to HUB. Crossed cable are sometimes called Crossover Cable, Patch or Jumper. If your connection is PC to HUB you MUST use a Straight cable.
The following table shows the order of the wiring on both sides / ends at the RJ-45 Male, in a Crossed cable.


Note:
On systems 10Base-T (10Mbps network), the numbers with an asterisk (*) is not in use, but because we will use 100base-T/T4 system, so that for us will always include the wiring number 4, 5, 7 and 8.
100Base-T Straight Cable (PC to HUB / SWITCH)
Straight cables are used to connect PCs or other equipment to a HUB or Switch. Please remember that to connect a PC to PC or HUB to HUB you MUST use a Crossed cable.
The following table shows the wiring at both ends of the RJ-45 connectors with a hint of color on the cables category 5 UTP.


Note:
1. Cables marked with two asterisks (**) in the network NEEDED 100Base-T4, also for the system Power-Over-Ethernet (POE).
2. POE system specs there are three ways in which power (power) delivered through UTP cable. Two of the ways POE, penghantaran power (power) using cable pairs 4, 5 and 7, 8 (marked with two asterisks (**) in the table above), while the other method only uses a cable partner for both 1.2 and 3.6 signals or power. Commonly used are 4.5 and 7.8 pairs used to deliver power.
100Base-T Crossed cable (PC to PC or HUB to HUB)
Crossed wires commonly used for the relationship between PCs, or between the HUB. Often referred to as a Crossover cable, Patch atauJumper. To connect the PC to HUB you generally use a straight cable.
Below shows the wiring at both ends of the RJ-45 connectors of the wires crossed. The diagram below shows the crossing of four pairs of UTP cables and wires can be used on categories 3 and 4. In 100Base-TX network, cable pairs 4.5 and 7.8 do not have crossed.

Notes:
1. Most Crossed wires in use today are not crossed cable pairs 4.5 and 7.8. Over three-quarters did not use the media cable wiring system crossed like that will not cause problems.
2. Gigabit Ethernet uses all four pair UTP cable (8 conductor) crossed wire configuration for it, like the picture above.
When using POE, the POE system Model A or Alternative A uses pairs cables 1.2 and 3.6 for the data while the power. While on the Model B or Alternative
1. B, using a pair wiring for data 1.2 and 3.6, while the power through the cable pairs 4.5 and 7.8. POE typically use diode bridge, so the crossing of the wires 4.5 and 7.8 generally no effect.
Ordering Pin On RJ-45 connector
RJ-45 Male

Some Basic Instructions Regarding connections RJ-45
1. Perform the test with a network cable tester (Cable Tester), no need to use expensive testers, the most important thing is to test whether both ends of the RJ-45 connectors are connected properly or not.
2. Be careful when cutting the outer sheath UTP not to injure sheathing insulation from each conductor as it will cause the relationship between conductor (short).
3. Cut the outer sheath so that each UTP cable conductor looks up approximately 2.5 cm.
4th. Arrange the wires in the order of conductor wiring standards used.
5. Measure the length of each conductor to the same length, do not let the veil of each conductor is visible from the end of the plastic RJ-45 connectors, as this could easily cause the conductor were injured and caused the relationship between conductors.
6. Make sure the tip touches the tip of each conductor RJ-45 when entering the UTP cable into the RJ-45 connectors.
7. Use a crimping tool which is still good, so that each leg of the RJ-45 connectors can be touched with the perfect conductor.
8. If possible, test / test new cable made with a network cable tester (Cable Tester).
General problems in the network connection is located on the RJ-45 connectors, while the incomplete outer shell cut UTP cable, or do not use standard wiring sequence. Use the RJ-45 connectors are of good quality, more careful in cutting the outer sheath UTP, and the use of standard cabling standards, to avoid such problems as mentioned above.